The social contact between the northern regions of Chad and Niger and Fezzan through tribal and kinship ties constitutes the natural and human aspect of uncontrolled borders.
The group began its activities in northeastern Nigeria but has since expanded its attacks to countries such as Chad, Nigeria, and Cameroon, leading to a regional crisis.
The Russians have fortified defensive lines one behind the other from Crimea to the northern end of the theater of operations and are trying to hold the narrow area they occupy west of the Sea of Azov, starting from the Ukrainian-Russian border.
In the past, Turkey was the epicenter of the Ottoman Empire, a powerful state that ruled for more than 600 years, covering vast territories across the Balkans, NorthAfrica, and the Middle East.
The recent uprising in France by NorthAfrican immigrants against the racist behavior of the French security forces will undoubtedly contribute to the rise of far-right parties across the European continent.
Grazia Careccia, Amnesty International’s deputy regional director for the Middle East and NorthAfrica, has stated that the authorities in Yemen continue to treat women as incomplete individuals, which is unacceptable.
The Nile River, one of the longest rivers in the world, passes through eleven different countries from south to north, and its appears that Ethiopia and Egypt are unwilling to share it.
Most affected regions According to World Resources Institute report, the regions most affected by water stress are the Middle East and NorthAfrica, where 83% of the population is experiencing extreme water stress.
In addition, the presence of Nigeria, one of the most important countries in West Africa, Algeria, another important country in NorthAfrica, and Chad, which is not a member of ECOWAS, as key actors in the regional equation will play a crucial role in determining the direction of regional tensions.
The main reasons for intercountry migration are often human capital-related, but also include asylum seekers fleeing the intense political instability in NorthAfrican countries.
" By the beginning of the 20th century, French colonization gradually extended to most of North, West, and Central Africa, including Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea, Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, Niger, Chad, and the Central African Republic.
Algeria, the most over-armed country in NorthAfrica, continues to buy its weapons from abroad; from the Russians, of course, but for some time now it has been taking care to diversify its equipment.
In The Covert Colour Line: The Racialised Politics of Western State Intelligence, Oliver Kearns presents a provocative and eye-opening exploration of the failures within Western intelligence, particularly in the context of the Middle East and NorthAfrica.