Read: How Will the Russia-Ukraine War Affect the Balkans?
Tit for tat?
High-tech and infrastructure are issues of repeated dispute between China and Lithuania.
Other than global peace and conflict trends, the Russia-based concerns of 2020 have acted as a reminder of a crucial fact: Russian expansionism, essentially towards Europe, reminiscent of Cold War conflicts, can be reviewed along the concepts of conventionality/unconventionality, regularity/irregularity, or stability operations.
fter the Russian military invasion of Ukraine, the West has unanimously slapped severe sanctions on Moscow that, at the moment, have further raised energy and commodity prices in the international market.
Read: To Whom It May Concern: Turkey’s Counter-Spy Operations Send MessagesThere is growing tension and confrontation between the Western alliance and Russia over Ukraine, which will have an inevitable impact on the energy security of Europe as the Nord Stream 2 project has already been suspended.
Read: China vs Russia in Central Asia?
Terrorism label as an act of majoritarian state violence
Without doubt, profiling all Uyghurs as potential “terrorists” constitutes an act of majoritarian state violence, known in many other corners of the world.
s the Russian invasion of Ukraine enters its fourth day, there has been an outpouring of compassion for Ukrainians, which has garnered widespread coverage in international news outlets.
Read: How to Read Russian Expansionism in AfricaThe cooperation between Turkey and three countries has also include the agricultural sector, as agreements were signed such as cooperation agreement in the field of vegetables and fruit exports, as well as the export of peanut products and MoU on the supply of motor agricultural equipment.
s diplomatic and military tensions increased between Russia and the West in and around Ukraine, European security came to the fore again as the focal point of the debate over the past year.
But Macron hasn’t changed his own vision of France and is still living in the 90s where the Republic had more clout on the world’s stage and Russia was just rebuilding itself after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
”Read: Will Turkey Delimitate Its Maritime Borders with Egypt and Palestine?For the EU, the reason for joining the East Mediterranean Gas Forum was also commercial alongside the aim not to depend heavily on Russian gas.
Read: Alarm Bells Ring for Bosnia-Herzegovina as Russia MeddlesAccording to Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Youth Studies, in 2018, one third of young people from the Western Balkans expressed a “strong” or a “very strong” desire to emigrate from their countries, ranging from 26% in Montenegro, 27% in Bosnia, 30% in Serbia, 34% in Kosovo, 35% in North Macedonia, and 43% in Albania.
Read: The Great Turan: Russia’s Concerns about Turkey’s Growing Reputation in Caucasus and Central AsiaCoup attempts have increased Turkey's sensitivity towards interventions in democratic processes.
Read: How to Read Russian Expansionism in AfricaAlso, supporters and campaigns tend to focus on the personalities and family records of both men; Kenyatta’s political influence as the son of the first president and his family fortune all provide him with a distinct edge in elections, while on the other hand, Odinga’s supports cut across those who saw him as representing the economically and politically marginalized communities.
Turkey was also a partner in the program, but was removed by the United States in 2020 due to Ankara's purchase of S-400 air defense systems from the Russian Federation.