Although, the US handover of Manbij was anomaly in the western part of the Euphrates River, the race to control Manbij caused no major security instability in the region, and expected to result in further cooperation by Turkey with Russia in northeast Syria.
The YPG’s lack of control over the camp was demonstrated again recently when a Turkestani Daesh member was heavily beaten up by Russian Daesh members of the camp when she refused to attend the courses.
Perhaps most immediately and gravely, Turkey’s purchase of the S-400 anti-aircraft system from Russia will, by the letter of American law, incur sanctions that could do serious harm to the Turkish economy.
In the beginning through a combination of diplomacy and political effort with Russia, an agreement was made to prevent a new flow of people from Syria.
What makes the current process more challenging for Western economic blocs is that there are some recent regional power houses which have been molded through the initiation of unpredictable alliances, such as Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) or originally known as Shanghai Five, consisting of China, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan.
” (Hearst, 2016)
In sum three points should be stressed once again: anxieties regarding Turkey’s military presence in the north of Syria, its collaboration with Russia and Iran throughout the Astana process and its role of promoting democracy so as to threaten the status quo in the Gulf are only several reasons for the deteriorating relations between Turkey and the GCC, specifically Saudi Arabia, UAE and Bahrain.
and most European countries, Putin’s Russia is more interventionist, aggressive and expansionist which has allegedly been the case in Georgia, Crimea, Ukraine, Syria and once again Afghanistan.
It is not known what the regime and its militias will do, nor is it guaranteed that Russia can prevent the regime or its militias from unilateral actions against Turkish soldiers.
The regime axis supported by heavy Russian airpower has made gains with significant implications for the political process and Turkey’s position and role in Idlib.
Though the JCPOA was a multiparty deal and its other signatories, namely Russia, China, the UK, France, Germany along with Iran, are still party to it, Trump’s decision left it practically ineffective in many ways as shown by the number of non-American foreign firms swiftly departing from the Iranian market.
he Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan announced that Turkey had informed the US and Russia about a planned military operation against the YPG (also known as the People’s Protection Units).