On Nationalism, Ethnicity and Ethnicity Regimes
The so-called National Struggle, the imperfect translation into English of “Milli Mücadele,” which could just as well be translated as the “Religious Struggle” both semantically (since milli is originally “religious,” not “national”) and substantively, since all the Muslim elements of Anatolia, including Circassians, Bosniaks, Albanians, Kurds, and Turkmen were mobilized to fight off non-Muslim enemies, mostly Western European occupation forces, including the French, and the British as the key orchestrator, but primarily the Greeks, and some local elements, such as the Christian militia in Anatolia.
