CSIS experts cautioned that “the rival forces of the United States – such as Russia, North Korea or Iran – are preoccupied and might act aggressively to pursue their agendas which could weaken the U.
As the PKK initiated its first terrorist acts in August 1982, it started also to settle in northern Iraq, using the opportunity created by the Iran-Iraq War of 1980-1988.
Read: Can Turkey, Russia, and Iran Bring Permanent Security to Syria?As Syrian analysists highlight, the reconciliation path is irreversible and would remain confined to reciprocal diplomacy and temporary security arrangements.
There is also the interesting aspect of the American threat perception which on the one hand, perceives Iran and Russia as hostile and, on the other, tolerates the partnership of the PKK/PYD with Russia and Iran.
Also, the visit sought to discuss energy issues in light of the Ukrainian war and put forward the idea of building a regional alliance that includes Israel to confront Iran.
Following Pelosi's visit to Taiwan, international organizations such as the UN, the Arab League, and countries such as Iran, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, the UAE, and North Korea repeated their support for the “One China” policy.
Read: The Tehran Summit: What Is Next for Turkey, Russia, and Iran?Turkey’s previous diplomatic efforts were valuable in their own right, aiming to keep the hopes for peace or de-escalation alive or, at least, to keep the channels of communication between the parties open.
Concerns for Turkey’s peaceful future mobilized its decision-makers to obtain insurances from NATO and to become a member of the European community as a result of threats posed by Hafez Assad’s pro-Soviet Syria and the ideological threat posed by the Islamic Revolution in Iran.
Russia is bogged down in Ukraine and is withdrawing a large number of its forces from Syria to beef up its Ukrainian fronts and leaving its military bases to pro-Iran proxies.
Read: Russia’s War in Ukraine Gives Iran the Upper Hand in SyriaIt is essential to establish a UN structure in which the peace interests of the international community—not of certain countries—can be adopted as the main priority.
On the regional realm, the easing of tensions between Qatar and the Gulf countries with the signing of the al-Ula Declaration, the launch of normalization talks between Turkey and Egypt, the weakening of the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood, and the Iran nuclear talks were significant motivational factors behind the Turkish-Saudi thaw.