On the Turkish side, economic considerations and the enhancement of its position in the Middle East were the driving force, while on the GCC states, the adverse impact of the U.
Cooperation of the Saudi and Emirati decision-makers rose to the occasion during the 2017 Qatar crisis, the marginalization of the Muslim Brotherhood, the Yemen war against the Houthi militia since 2015, and lobbying activities in the U.
It was also more accepting of terms such as “urban terrorism” to describe its actions, unlike the Palestinians, who have paid a heavy price for the listing of groups such as the PLO and Hamas on the terror lists of the U.