Turkey’s Right to Self-Defense Requires Cross-Border Operations in Syria and Iraq
These operations include Operation Euphrates Shield (August 24, 2016 – March 29, 2017, in Jarablus and Al-Bab, Aleppo, Operation Olive Branch (January 20, 2018 – March 24, 2018 in Afrin and Aleppo), Operation Peace Spring (October 9, 2019 – October 18, 2019 in Rasulayn and Tel Abyad), and Operation Spring Shield (February 27, 2020 – March 5, 2020 in Idlib).