The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, which was founded under the leadership of China, and of which Turkey is a founding partner, is a good example of this situation.
Yes, the Berlin Wall was destroyed, but the desire to stay away from strangers, which first famously acquired an extreme dimension with the Great Wall of China, has continued, thousands of years later, right up to the present.
As far as we know, today the politicians in China, Russia, Europe or the US don’t refer to history that much? What would you say about this?
They only employ symbols from time to time and that’s it.
Perhaps the most important geopolitical puzzle since the collapse of the Soviet Union 25 years ago has been whether the United States will reorient its grand strategy to contain and encircle another rising great power, which is most likely to be China.
China’s slowing economic growth, Brexit, Donald Trump’s economic promises, the US Federal Reserve’s (Fed) interest rate decisions, and the increasing fragility of European banks descended over us like a nightmare for the global economy.
While the Ergenekon and Balyoz trials targeting the military allowed the organization to open space for their own members, it also eliminated military personnel, which argued that Turkey should prioritize the Russia-China axis.
By becoming the indispensable conduit from emerging markets to Europe, Turkey and the region at large has become the hub for all kinds of flows from the Middle East, Central Asia, Russia, and China to Europe.
For instance, examining the projects that China, South Korea and Singapore have implemented in their higher education systems over the last 10 years will be enough to understand the huge competition going on in the world, not only in the economy but also in higher education.
For instance, China is one of the two world leaders in terms of the annual number of PhD graduates across all disciplines, with some 50,000 PhD holders per year.
The so-called Iran deal as the big success story, the landmark of his foreign policy achievements, like Nixon’s peace with China, or something like that.
Russia, Brazil, Iran, Saudi Arabia, China, Pakistan, and France are among the many middle or great powers with which Turkey has established amicable relations, at least for a limited time (in the case of Russia and Iran), under AK Party governments since 2002.
While economic growth is slowing down in some developing countries such as China, Turkey, and Mexico, some other developing countries such as Russia and Brazil are suffering from a recession.