he final declaration of the Istanbul summit, which included Turkey, Russia, Germany, and France was interpreted by some authorities as Turkey having changed its Syria policy.
The Act was originally intended to punish Russian officials responsible for the death of Russian tax accountant Sergei Magnitsky in a Moscow prison in 2009, specifically preventing implicated officials from travelling to the US or using the US banking system.
oday in Istanbul, four governments — Turkey, Russia, Germany, and France — are meeting for a summit over Syria, attempting to consolidate the Sochi Agreement signed by Russia and Turkey over Idlib, and re-invigorate the international political process.
Turkey sent reinforcements to its observation posts in and around Idlib to prevent the regime from an easy takeover while lobbying Russia to prevent such an operation.
and Russia have reached a tacit agreement, agreeing that Syria is in the interest of Russia, and thus leaving the job of containing Iran’s influence in the country to both Tel Aviv and Moscow.
While party to the Astana process, in which Iran and Russia are also guarantor states, recently Ankara and Moscow reached an agreement on the Idlib issue.
Nas added that the 2008 global financial crisis that took a toll on Greece, the Ukraine-Russia tensions, Russia’s expansionist policies and refugee crises have all respectively triggered concentric pressures on Europe.
In order to protect its national security and economic interests in the region by minimizing the detrimental impact of the Syrian conflict, Turkey has worked with Russia and Iran on the diplomatic and strategic fronts, the EU on the humanitarian front, and the U.
has started to take an isolationist turn in its foreign policy by declaring the end of globalization and the liberal international order, the European powers and emerging powers such as China and Russia are only concerned with protecting their own national security.
Inat stated that it is "natural" for Turkey to seek alternative allies - including Russia - due to its deteriorating relations with its Western allies.
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While the potential of China interfering in US midterms haunts Trump, it also sheds a different light, right from the source, to claims over Russian meddling of presidential elections in 2016.
However, from a geopolitical perspective, Idlib -- as the last territorial stronghold of the opposition armed groups -- turns into a chess-board between Russia and Turkey.
adopts tariff regulations as a bargaining item not only against China, but also the EU, Russia, and Turkey, a political and economic isolation of the U.